03 Dec 2021
2 minutes reading
Source/Revelations
disclosures:
Grose and Marlow report no relevant financial disclosures. See the study for all other authors; relevant financial information.
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A study found that from 2007 to 2019, one-third of reported mumps cases in the United States occurred among children and adolescents, most of whom had been vaccinated.
The study was conducted by researchers at the CDC and was published in Pediatrics.
Pediatric mumps cases have increased in vaccinated children. Source: CDC/ Allison M. Maiuri, MPH, CHES
CDC epidemiologist Mariel Marlow, PhD, MPH, Healio told an interviewer that high vaccination coverage has kept mumps in check in the US
“However, there is an increase in the number of cases among vaccinated children and adolescents,” Marlow said.
Marlow and colleagues noted several possible reasons for this, including a decline in vaccine-induced immunity and possible mismatches between the vaccine and the circulating virus strains.
“Increasing incidence with increasing age, correlating with likely increasing time since vaccination, supports the hypothesis of possible declining immunity to mumps infection after vaccination,” they wrote. “Some epidemiological or pilot studies have suggested that vaccine-derived immune protection against mumps decreases by early adulthood. However, the results presented in this study show that vaccinated individuals may become susceptible earlier than young adulthood.”
For the study, the researchers reviewed all reported cases of mumps between 2007 and 2019, examining factors such as age, state of residence, vaccination status and whether the case was linked to an outbreak.
In addition, we analyzed cases of childhood mumps during the most recent flare-up between 2015 and 2019, including gender, age, race/ethnicity, state of residence, import status, whether the case was related to an outbreak, vaccination status, parotitis, complications, hospitalization and death,” said Marlow.
During the period 2007 to 2019, researchers found that a total of 9,172 childhood mumps cases were reported, representing a median of 32% of all cases reported each year (range: 13%-59%). Between 81% and 94% of these cases occurred in children who had received one or more doses of the MMR vaccine, Marlow and colleagues reported.
“Before 2006, major outbreaks of mumps among fully vaccinated people were not common, including among vaccinated children,” Marlow said.
In an accompanying editorial Charles Grose, MD, a professor of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, traced the history of the mumps virus, noting that, after the creation of the mumps vaccine, “cases dropped rapidly, but the mumps vaccine was never as effective as the mumps vaccine.” measles vaccine.”
“A recent Cochrane analysis of mumps vaccination in multiple countries found that one dose of mumps vaccine was 72% effective and two doses of mumps vaccine 86% effective,” Grose wrote. “Several researchers have concluded that mumps likely remains endemic in the United States.”
What will be most important to health care providers, Marlow said, is to suspect mumps in children with symptoms such as pain, tenderness and swelling in the salivary glands, along with fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue or loss of appetite.
“As mumps has continued to circulate throughout the pandemic, both in the US and abroad, we can expect to continue to see cases and outbreaks of mumps nationally,” Marlow said. “We also know that disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic have caused many children to miss visits to good children and routinely recommended vaccines, including MMR, which could contribute to a future increase in cases or outbreaks as non-infectious vaccinated people are at higher risk. risk of mumps and mumps complications. Vaccination with MMR is the best way to protect against mumps.”
Reference:
Grose C, et al. Pediatrics. 2021;doi:10.1542/peds.2021-052761.
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